Age groups & technique gates

JUDO TRAINING Reading time : 10 min Updated September 7, 2026
Contents
Judo protects its young through a technique gate, not equipment: what the federation permits at that age, nothing else. The hardest rule of the youth frame: strangles (shime-waza) and armlocks (kansetsu-waza) are forbidden through minime and permitted from cadet at France Judo — Switzerland (SJV) and Germany (DJB) wait for U18. Categories are defined by birth year, and the mapping onto Paak's bands (u9 / u13 / u17 / sen) is a product derivation — no federation publishes it.

The France Judo categories (2026/2027 season)

The reference age is the one reached on 31 December of the season's second year — the birth-year definition is the invariant; the bounds shift each season. Competition level is age-capped: départemental up to poussin, régional for benjamin, national for minime, international from cadet.

CategoryIndicative ageCompetition ceiling
Baby / Éveil judo4–5non-competitive animation
Mini-poussin6–7animation
Poussin8–9départemental
Benjamin(e)10–11régional · 2-min contests
Minime12–13national · 3-min contests
Cadet(te)14–16international
Junior17–19international · 4-min contests
Senior20+international · 4-min contests
Veteran (M1…M9 / F1…F9)30+, in 5-year bandsveteran circuit · 3 min, then 2 min 30 from M7/F7

Age-up (surclassement) is forbidden through cadet at France Judo (an exceptional DTN derogation exists for cadets, with a medical certificate). For benjamins, total daily mat time is capped (~20 min).

The Paak mapping (a derivation, not a federation rule)

Paak organises its library in four bands. No federation publishes these bands — every mapping is a product approximation, shown with « ≈ »:

Paak band≈ France Judo≈ DJB (DE)≈ SJV (CH)
u9éveil → poussin (≤ ~8)U9–U11U9–U11
u13benjamin + minime (9–12)U11–U15U13–U15
u17cadet (13–16)U15–U18U15–U18
senjunior + senior (17+)U18–U21+U18+

Two straddles are stated rather than hidden: the minime (12–13) straddles u13 and u17, and the Swiss/German U18 straddles u17 and sen. The library states the straddle instead of forcing a clean cut.

The technique gate — the heart of youth safety

What is permitted per band, in sourced synthesis (France Judo national arbitrage 2025/2026; SJV and DJB youth rules):

BandShime-waza (strangles)Kansetsu-waza (armlocks)Sutemi / makikomi
u9No — every federationNoNo
u13No (FR ≤ minime; DE U12/U15; CH ≤ U15)NoForbidden ≤ benjamin (FR), adapted at minime
u17From cadet (FR, ~14) — CH/DE: ~15/U18Same (DE: ground locks ~U15, standing forbidden)Permitted at cadet
senYes — except veterans F7/M7+ (60+): forbidden (FFJudo)Yes (elbow only in judo)Yes

Other youth bans in the France Judo 2025/2026 arbitrage: neck constraints (matte + shido), attacks with one or two knees on the ground (false attack), cross-grip and bear-hug kumi-kata, any grip below the belt, and the sankaku reduced to the fundamental turnover (no neck constraint, legs released for the pin — reverse sankaku forbidden). And two head rules that outrank everything: deliberately placing the head alone on the mat = direct hansoku-make for minimes, cadets 2D/3D and espoirs; and any loss of consciousness ends that athlete's competition day, at every age.

The medical why behind these gates is documented: in under-15s, 31 % of injuries are fractures (the clavicle ~72 % of them), and the adolescent elbow's growth plates are at risk under hyperextension — see Building a session for prevention woven into the outline.

Where federations diverge

RuleFrance JudoSJV (CH)DJB (DE)
Shime-waza floorcadet (≥ ~14)U18 (≥ ~15)U18
Kansetsu-waza floorcadetU18ground locks ~U15; standing locks generally forbidden
Sankakufundamental turnover only; reverse forbiddenall sankaku forbidden ≤ U15leg-closing restricted
Youth golden scoreno capcapped at 1 min, then referee decisionno cap

The consequence for a border club or a drill straddling u17: the Paak library writes the federation floor into the coaching points of every affected drill — a still-minime judoka on the mat stays under the ban, whatever the group.

Licence & medical certificate (France)

FFJDA licence (insurance bundled), the medical certificate of no contra-indication (CACI) or the annual health questionnaire as applicable, the passeport sportif for competition identity — and for the derogatory cadet age-up, a medical certificate younger than 120 days. Other markets follow their federation (licence + own coverage).

FAQ

Can a 13-year-old cadet work on strangles?
The France Judo gate opens at the cadet category — a judoka becomes cadet in the year they turn 14 (birth year decides). A 13-year-old minime stays under the ban, even when training with the cadets. In Switzerland and Germany the gate is later still (U18). The reflex: check each judoka's category, not the group's.
Why does Paak show « ≈ » before the categories?
Because the u9/u13/u17/sen bands are a product grouping that no federation publishes. The minime straddles two bands, the Swiss U18 too — honesty means displaying the mapping as an approximation, never as an official category.
What about veterans?
France Judo structures veterans in 5-year bands (M1/F1 to M9/F9), with shortened contests (3 min, then 2 min 30 from M7/F7) — and a little-known adult gate: strangles are forbidden in competition from F7/M7 (60–64).

Sources

France Judo / FFJDA — age and weight categories 2025/2026 and 2026/2027, Textes Officiels 2025/2026, national arbitrage 2025/2026 (shime/kansetsu floors, sutemi, kumi-kata, head rules); SJV (Swiss Judo & Ju-Jitsu Federation) — youth refereeing deltas; DJB (Deutscher Judo-Bund) — Jugend-Wettkampfordnung and 2021 interpretation; IJF — Contest Rules in force since 22 February 2025 (cadet deltas). Medical literature (paediatric fractures, growth plates): Paak judo corpus, file 05. Paak judo corpus, files 02 (LTAD & gates) and 01 (rules) — verified September 2026. The Paak u9/u13/u17/sen mapping is a product derivation, published by no federation.

Last updated: September 7, 2026