Laws and equipment

FOOTBALL TRAINING Reading time : 11 min Updated August 2, 2026
The edition in force is the IFAB Laws of the Game 2026/27, "Effective from 1st July 2026". Any club document still citing 2025/26 is one edition stale. This page holds three things together: what IFAB changed, what a national FA is actually allowed to modify — and what a club needs to know about its kit and its pitch, including one point of French law where the most-quoted reference in the trade has been abrogated since 2007.

The edition in force, and how to check it

The Laws change every 1 July. Page 4 of the current edition prints "Effective from 1st July 2026" — that is the proof of vintage, and it is the one to cite. The changes were approved at the 140th IFAB Annual General Meeting on 28 February 2026 in Hensol, Wales, chaired by Mike Jones, President of the Football Association of Wales.

Two reading rules, printed by IFAB itself in the Notes on the Laws of the Game: "If there is any divergence in the wording, the English text is authoritative", and "If there is any divergence between metric and imperial units, the metric units are authoritative" — the metre beats the yard.

The downloadable PDF is not synchronised with the live Laws. The 2026/27 single-pages file is a build dated 11 May 2026, so it predates the incorporation of the second tranche of changes approved on 28 April 2026. Full-text extraction over all 6,948 lines of that PDF: the string mouth returns zero hits, in protest returns zero hits, and Laws 3.1 and 7.5 are still printed in their unamended form. For anything from the April 2026 tranche, cite the changes booklet and the live online Laws, never the PDF. For everything else the PDF is authoritative.

A verification trick. The index theifab.com/laws/latest/ returns HTTP 404, which wrongly suggests the resource is gone — but the per-Law sub-paths do resolve: /laws/latest/fouls-and-misconduct/ returns 200. That is the fastest way to check the live Laws against the printed PDF.

What changed in 2026/27

2026/27 is a tempo and behaviour edition. Three new countdowns enter the game, and they change how a coach manages a substitution, a set-piece routine and an injury.

LawChangeEffect
Law 3Ten seconds for the substituted player to be off the field, from the substitution board being shown or the referee's signalIf exceeded, the substitute may only enter "at the first stoppage after one minute has elapsed". Caution only if the delay is excessive. The referee may waive the limit for injury or safety.
Law 3Senior 'A' international friendlies: usable substitutes 6 → 8, up to 11 by agreement between the teamsThe referee must be informed before the match. The three-opportunity restriction still applies.
Law 4Accessories are permitted if they are not dangerous and are safely and securely coveredThe end of the blanket jewellery ban. See the Law 4 section below.
Law 5One minute off the field after a player is assessed or treated for injurySix express exceptions: injured goalkeeper; goalkeeper and outfield player collided; two players of the same team collided; a severe injury; injury caused by an offence for which the opponent is cautioned or sent off; a penalty kick has been awarded and the injured player will take it.
Law 5Body cameras for match officials — a competition option, no longer a trialThe organiser must supply the cameras and control the footage.
Law 5Advantage may be applied "when a restart is incorrectly taken and the ball is in play"Clarification.
Law 12No caution for DOGSO where the advantage is played and a goal is scoredThe card disappears entirely in that specific case.
Law 12The words "and attackers" added to the DOGSO considerations⚠️ There are still four considerations, not five: distance to goal, general direction of play, likelihood of keeping or gaining control of the ball, location and number of defenders and attackers. The change widened the fourth bullet; it did not create a fifth.
Law 15Five-second visual countdown at throw-insIf exceeded: throw-in to the opposing team from the same position.
Law 16Five-second visual countdown at goal kicksIf exceeded: corner kick to the opposing team, on the side closest to where the goal kick was to be taken.
Laws 10 and 14Accidental double touch at a penalty kick (confirming IFAB Circular no. 31)Goal → retake; no goal → indirect free kick. The automatic caution for the kicker is removed where kicker and goalkeeper offend simultaneously.

The second tranche, approved on 28 April 2026. Four provisions, absent from the printed PDF, present in the live Laws:

  • Sending-off offence for "covering their mouth when communicating with an opponent in a provocative, derisory or inflammatory manner or situation" — framed explicitly as anti-discrimination enforcement. Competition option.
  • Sending-off offence for "leaving the field of play in protest at a decision of the referee", and for instructing or encouraging others to do so — players and team officials. Competition option.
  • Law 3.1 re-worded: the seven-player minimum now reads "not including temporary dismissals or one-minute periods off the field of play".
  • Law 7.5: a forfeit principle — a team responsible for a match being abandoned because it has fewer than seven players forfeits the match, subject to the competition regulations.
The goalkeeper's eight seconds are not a 2026/27 novelty. That is a 2025/26 change (Law 12.3): a goalkeeper controlling the ball with the hands for more than eight seconds concedes a corner kick, with the referee visually counting down the last five seconds with a raised hand. The full detail, the definition of control and where the corner is placed are in Goalkeeping. Do not confuse it with the new 2026/27 corner, the one for a delayed goal kick: Law 17 now lists two corner kicks awarded by referee decision.

One deadline for a club calendar: the 'Only the captain' protocol — referee dialogue restricted to the captain — has been optional since 2025/26 and becomes compulsory for all competitions starting on or after 1 July 2027. Its 4 m (4.5 yds) zone around the referee applies only to youth, veterans, disability and grassroots football: one non-captain entering it is cautioned for dissent by action; if more than one enters, at least one caution and a mandatory report to the appropriate authorities after the match.

The clause that makes youth formats legal

This is the most useful text in the whole book for an amateur club, and it is not inside a numbered Law. It sits in the front matter, under Notes and modifications → General modifications, pages 20-21 of the 2026/27 book. It is the legal basis for every reduced format in France, Switzerland and Belgium.

IFAB — General modifications, pp. 20-21
"All national FAs (and confederations and FIFA) have the option to modify all or some of the following organisational areas of the Laws of the Game for football for which they are responsible."
ScopeWhat may be modified
All levels of the gameThe number of substitutes in official competitions, up to a maximum of five — except in youth football, where the maximum is set by the national association, confederation or FIFA · the use of additional permanent concussion substitutions · implementation of the 'Only the captain' guidelines (compulsory from 1 July 2027).
Youth, veterans, disability and grassrootsSize of the field of play · size, weight and material of the ball · width between the goalposts and height of the crossbar from the ground · duration of the two (equal) halves · number of players · use of return substitutes · use of temporary dismissals for some or all cautions · specific requirements for the captain's compulsory armband.
CategoriesEach national FA sets the age restrictions for youth and veterans football, and determines which competitions are designated 'grassroots'.

And the hard boundary, printed on p. 17 of the Notes on the Laws of the Game: "apart from the modifications permitted by The IFAB (see 'General modifications'), the Laws must not be modified or changed, except with the permission of The IFAB".

The list is closed, and that is the point to remember. Pitch, ball, goals, half duration, player numbers, return substitutes, temporary dismissals, armband, substitute count, concussion substitutes, captain-only: nothing else. Offside, handball, DOGSO and the penalty kick procedure are not nationally modifiable. A document claiming otherwise is either wrong or is not describing a federation format. The dimensions and squad sizes the FFF, the ASF/SFV and the URBSFA actually publish are in Age groups and formats.

Temporary dismissals, in numbers. IFAB sets their length at 10-15% of total playing time"e.g. 10 minutes in a 90-minute match; 8 minutes in an 80-minute match" — the same length for every offence. They are available only in youth, veterans, disability and grassroots football, with national FA approval and publication in the competition rules. They apply to all players including goalkeepers, but not to substitutes or substituted players. A player still serving one at the end of the match may take part in kicks from the penalty mark.

The concussion substitute is likewise a competition option: a maximum of one per team per match, permanent, and its use gives the opposing team the option of an additional substitute for any reason. The protocol was approved at the 138th AGM on 2 March 2024 in Scotland.

Law 2: the ball, and what the FIFA marks actually certify

Law 2 · The ball

The U6-U9 ball has no FIFA mark to check

One circumference scale. The FIFA bands cluster tightly around Law 2; the size 3 ball the FFF publishes falls entirely to the left of the lowest of them.

On a circumference scale, the size 3 ball used for U6-U9 sits outside every band the FIFA certifies. A horizontal circumference scale graduated from 56 to 71 centimetres carries seven stacked bands. At the top, Law 2 of the Laws of the Game covers 68 to 70 centimetres, the only requirement that applies everywhere. Below it, the FIFA Quality Programme thresholds for a size 5 ball: Quality Pro from 68.5 to 69.5 centimetres, Quality and Basic from 68.0 to 70.0 centimetres. Lower down, a second group for size 4: the FIFA band from 63.5 to 66.0 centimetres, then the two values the French federation prints for that same size 4, 62 to 66 centimetres on its national page and 63 to 66 centimetres on the district 65 sheet. At the very bottom, on its own, the size 3 the FFF publishes for U6 to U9: 57 to 60 centimetres, about 300 grams. A dashed line marks the floor of the FIFA size 4 band at 63.5 centimetres; the size 3 band stops at 60 centimetres, well to the left of that line, and carries the note that no FIFA mark exists at this size. circumference, in centimetres 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 FIFA size 4 floor — 63.5 cm Law 2 — all competition 68 to 70 cm FIFA Quality Pro 68.5 to 69.5 cm FIFA Quality and Basic 68.0 to 70.0 cm FIFA size 4 63.5 to 66.0 cm FFF T.4 — national page 62 to 66 cm FFF T.4 — district 65 63 to 66 cm FFF T.3 — U6 to U9 57 to 60 cm, about 300 g no FIFA mark exists at this size The legal basis for size 3 is the IFAB "General modifications" clause. It is not a certification, and there is nothing to check on the ball itself.

The two FFF values for that same size 4 are printed together: they come from two different FFF documents, and neither is a typo.

Law 2 comes down to three numbers, and they are the only ones that apply everywhere:

PropertyLaw 2.1
Circumference68 to 70 cm
Weight410 to 450 gat the start of the match, not out of the box
Pressure0.6 to 1.1 atmosphere at sea level (600 to 1,100 g/cm²)
MarksCompulsory in FIFA and confederation competitions; a national FA may require one for its own competitions but is not obliged to
AdvertisingNone, except the competition logo or emblem, the competition organiser and the authorised manufacturer's trademark

A defective ball: stop play and restart with a dropped ball; if it became defective at a restart, the restart is retaken; if during a penalty kick before it touches a player, the crossbar or a post, the kick is retaken.

The three FIFA Quality Programme marks. FIFA Basic targets "minimum standards while ensuring affordability for use at all levels"; FIFA Quality emphasises durability and safety and is "the general level for training and broader use"; FIFA Quality Pro targets "first-class performance, accuracy and safety". One point worth knowing: FIFA Basic has replaced the old International Match Standard (IMS) — balls and surfaces certified to IMS remain eligible "until their certification expires".

What the mark actually certifies. Nine laboratory tests, at 20 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity after at least 24 hours of conditioning: circumference, sphericity, rebound, water absorption, weighing value, loss of pressure, shape and size retention, balance, material analysis. The published thresholds for a size 5 outdoor ball:

TestQuality ProQualityBasic
Circumference68.5 – 69.5 cm68.0 – 70.0 cm68.0 – 70.0 cm
Sphericity, max.1.5%1.8%1.8%
Rebound at 20 °C135 – 155 cm125 – 155 cm125 – 155 cm
Rebound at 5 °Cmin. 125 cmmin. 115 cmmin. 115 cm
Water absorption, max.10%10%10%
Weighing value420 – 445 g410 – 450 g410 – 450 g
Loss of pressure, max.15%20%25%
Samples tested996

The 2026 test manual tightened two columns against the February 2018 one: loss of pressure went from 20 / 25 / 25% to 15 / 20 / 25%, and sample counts from 10 / 10 / 7 to 9 / 9 / 6. Quality and Quality Pro testing is done by Empa, the Swiss federal materials science and technology laboratory; Basic by Sports Labs Ltd and PFI.

Two honest caveats. First, in FIFA's PDF the column headers are logo images carrying no extractable text: the column-to-mark mapping is inferred from the strictness gradient, while the numbers themselves were read verbatim. Second, a mark certifies a model tested in a laboratory, not the ball in your bag — it says nothing about its condition after two winters.

And for children? FIFA's ball programme certifies size 5 and size 4 only for outdoor football. The size-3 ball the FFF publishes for U6 to U9 — "between 57 and 60 cm in circumference and about 300 g" — sits below the FIFA size-4 band (63.5 to 66.0 cm, 350 to 390 g): there is no FIFA quality mark to check on a size-3 ball at all. The legal basis for that national size is the General modifications clause.

Two FFF figures for the same size 4, both genuine. The national page Le foot pour les enfants prints "Il mesure entre 62 et 66 cm, pour 400 g (T.4)"; District 65 prints "Taille 4 (63 à 66 cm de circonférence)". Two different FFF documents, neither a transcription error. We print both: if you must carry one, take the national value and keep the district variant in mind, because a club can be inspected against its own district's sheet.

Law 4: the players' equipment

Compulsory equipment is five items: a shirt with sleeves, shorts, socks, shinguards, footwear. The rest of Law 4 is a list of details amateur clubs routinely miss before kick-off.

PointWhat Law 4 says
ShinguardsSuitable material, appropriate size to provide reasonable protection, covered by the socks. And crucially: "Players are responsible for the size and suitability of their shinguards" — the duty sits with the player. The Laws state no minimum size, thickness or standard.
Tape on socksAny tape or material applied or worn externally must be the same colour as the part of the sock it covers. A routine matchday non-compliance.
UndershirtsA single colour matching the main colour of the shirt sleeve, or a pattern exactly replicating the sleeve.
Undershorts and tightsThe same colour as the main colour of the shorts or of their lowest part; the same for all players of a team.
ColoursThe two teams must be distinguishable from each other and from the match officials. Each goalkeeper must be distinguishable from other players and the officials; if both goalkeepers' shirts are the same colour and neither has another, "the referee allows the match to be played".
Captain's armbandIssued or authorised by the competition organiser, or a single-colour band optionally bearing "captain", "C" or a translation — also in a single colour.
Other equipmentNon-dangerous protective equipment: "gloves, headgear, facemasks and knee and arm protectors made of soft, lightweight padded material", sports spectacles, goalkeepers' caps, and goalkeepers may wear tracksuit bottoms.
Head coversFive cumulative conditions: black or the shirt's main colour and identical within the team; in keeping with a professional appearance; not attached to the shirt; not dangerous (no opening or closing mechanism around the neck); no protruding elements.
Accessories (new in 2026/27)"Accessories are permitted as long as they are not dangerous and are safely and securely covered. Dangerous items must be removed and not taped or covered."
Electronics — playersProhibited, except where EPTS is allowed. This also covers substitutes, substituted players and sent-off players.
Electronics — team officialsPermitted where it relates directly to player welfare or safety or to tactics and coaching, and only small mobile handheld equipment: microphone, headphone, earpiece, mobile phone or smartphone, smartwatch, tablet, laptop. Misuse or inappropriate behaviour as a result: the official "will be sent off" — mandatory, not discretionary.
SlogansNo political, religious or personal slogans, statements or images. Permitted: player number, name, team crest, slogans or emblems promoting football, respect and integrity, and authorised advertising — preferably confined to the shirt front and the armband.
Lost boot or shinguardReplace as soon as possible, and no later than when the ball next goes out of play; a goal scored before replacing it is awarded.
SanctionThe player leaves to correct the equipment, the correction is checked by a match official, and re-entry requires the referee's permission. Re-entering without permission: caution.

Why IFAB removed the jewellery ban, in its own words: "The banning of jewellery created confrontation and had been inconsistently applied. It also overlooked cultural, religious, medical and personal reasons for wearing certain items." The old sentence — "All items of jewellery … are forbidden and must be removed. Using tape to cover jewellery is not permitted" — is absent from the printed 2026/27 Law; it survives only as struck-through amended text in the changes booklet. Any club handbook written against the 2025/26 text is now wrong on this point.

GPS vests: the duty is not the club's. Law 4.4 is explicit — where wearable technology forms part of an EPTS used in an official competition, "the competition organiser must ensure" that the technology is not dangerous and meets the requirements for wearable EPTS under the FIFA Quality Programme for EPTS. In practice: a club using vests in training only sits outside Law 4; the moment they are worn in a league match, the competition's authorisation governs.

Goal safety

On the Laws side, it is one sentence — the Law 1.10 safety clause: "Goals (including portable goals) must be firmly secured to the ground." No test, no force, no inspection interval. The dimensions are fixed: 7.32 m between the inside of the posts, 2.44 m from the ground to the lower edge of the crossbar, posts and crossbar white, of the same width and depth, 12 cm maximum, square, rectangular, round, elliptical or hybrid in section — and the same at both ends. If the crossbar breaks, play is stopped until it is repaired or replaced; a rope or any flexible or dangerous material may not replace it; if it cannot be repaired the match "must be abandoned".

Standards exist, but they are paywalled. BS EN 748:2013+A1:2018 Playing field equipment — Football goals covers four types and two sizes, and excludes goals within the scope of EN 16579 (socketed and free-standing goals weighing 10 to 42 kg — the class most amateur clubs buy) and EN 16664 (lightweight goals). The FIFA Quality Programme for Football Goals is built on it: an accredited institute must hold ISO 17025 accreditation for EN 748 Strength and Stability, both scoped to free-standing portable goals only, and since 1 January 2022 for five further FIFA test methods — mesh breaking force, net fixing strength, frame entrapment, strength and stability. ⚠️ The EN 748 load figures have not been read: the standard is paywalled at 224.59 USD.

France: the most-quoted reference in the trade is abrogated

Décret n° 96-495 of 4 June 1996 has been abrogated since 25 July 2007, by Décret n° 2007-1133. Its content was codified into the Code du sport, articles R. 322-19 to R. 322-26, and that section was then rewritten in full by Décret n° 2016-481 of 18 April 2016. Any club sheet, quotation or training slide citing "the 1996 decree" as law in force is citing an instrument that has been dead for nineteen years.

And the famous 180 kg, 110 kg and 320 kg loads? They are real — they are the tests of the 1996 annex, reproduced by the French Ministry of Education under the heading "Décret n° 96-495 du 4 juin 1996 et note de la DGCCRF du 23 décembre 1996": a one-minute static test with 180 kg hung vertically from the middle of the crossbar, the load 20 cm above the ground; a second test applying a 110 kg horizontal force for one minute at the middle of the crossbar by means of a 3 m rope; 320 kg for a basketball backboard. A permanent deformation limited to 10 mm may be accepted, and must be entered in the register.

But they are no longer in the law. A full-text search of the consolidated Code du sport (edition of 14 July 2026, 41,967 extracted lines) for 180 kg, 110 kg and 320 kg returns zero hits. What stands in their place is article R. 322-22: equipment is presumed to satisfy the safety requirements where it is manufactured in conformity with "les normes de sécurité les concernant, dont les références sont publiées au Journal officiel" — the safety standards whose references are published in the official journal. Conformity therefore now runs through the standards (NF EN 748, NF EN 16579, NF EN 16664, NF S52-409, NF EN 1270), which sit behind the AFNOR paywall. The honest consequence: no kilogram figure can be presented today as the legal requirement in force. Inspection bodies do still apply the 1996 loads in practice; that is inspection practice, not law.

The text in force is less numeric than the 1996 one, but it is more actionable, because it names a duty-holder a club can be:

ArticleObligation
R. 322-19Scope: football, handball and hockey goals and basketball baskets, outdoor or indoor, for sport or play. Excluded: "les buts légers dont le poids total est inférieur à 10 kg" — goals under 10 kg. An objective mass threshold replaced the 1996 subjective criterion ("equipment adapted to the capacities of young children"). The enabling power is article L. 422-2 of the consumer code: this is consumer law, not sports law.
R. 322-21Non-mobile goals: an installation device ensuring permanent fixing. Mobile goals: a fixing or counterweight device that is "permanent et solidaire de la structure" — permanent and integral to the structure — preventing "la chute, le renversement ou le basculement" under reasonably foreseeable conditions of use, and resisting a player hanging and swinging on the crossbar without deformation or rupture.
R. 322-23Instruction notice; a visible, legible and indelible warning; the name and address of the first party placing it on the market; the year and month of manufacture.
R. 322-25 ⚠️"Les exploitants ou les gestionnaires" — the operators or managers — must maintain the equipment regularly, check it on first installation, keep a maintenance and verification plan stating its periodicity, and keep a register recording, for each site, the date and results of the tests and checks carried out, both available to inspectors. And: "Après utilisation, les buts non fixés de manière permanente sont rendus inutilisables par le public" — after use, goals that are not permanently fixed must be made unusable by the public. Non-conforming equipment must be immediately made inaccessible.
R. 322-25-1Serious accidents linked to the equipment must be reported without delay to the préfet de département. A serious accident is "un accident mortel ou un accident ayant provoqué des lésions corporelles" — fatal, or causing bodily injury.
R. 322-26Fifth-class contraventions — including failing to produce the verification and maintenance plan and the register to inspectors, and failing to report a serious accident. Not keeping the register is itself the offence.
The change that puts an amateur club in scope. The 1996 text placed all these duties on "leur propriétaire" — the owner. The 2016 text places them on "les exploitants ou les gestionnaires". Under the old wording a commune carried them as owner of the ground. Under R. 322-25, a club operating goals on a municipal pitch is squarely in scope — verification plan, per-site register, and mobile goals made unusable after use.

Sourced research, not legal advice. This section reproduces the text of published instruments (the consolidated Code du sport, edition of 14 July 2026) and states what was and was not read. It is not a legal opinion: for a specific situation, the league, the district or a qualified lawyer remains the right interlocutor.

On the Swiss side the gap is real and we say so. No ASF/SFV instruction on portable-goal anchoring could be retrieved. The Swiss FA pitch commission's Richtlinien für die Erstellung und den Unterhalt von Fussballanlagen (2024 edition, in force since 1 July 2024) is held and covers pitch classes, dimensions and lighting — but goal anchoring was not located in it.

Artificial turf and the 2031 deadline

Law 1 allows a surface that is wholly natural, wholly artificial if the competition rules permit, or hybrid if permitted. Two requirements stand out: artificial surfaces must be green; and for matches between national representative teams or in international club competition they must meet the FIFA Quality Programme for Football Turf unless The IFAB grants a dispensation.

FIFA's published on-site field test thresholds (2024 test manual, version April 2026):

PropertyFIFA Quality ProFIFA Quality
Vertical ball rebound0.60 – 0.85 m0.60 – 1.00 m
Ball roll, initial test4.0 – 8.0 m4.0 – 10.0 m
Ball roll, retests4.0 – 8.0 m4.0 – 12.0 m after simulated wear
Peak shock absorption60 – 70%60 – 75%
Peak deformation≤ 15 mm≤ 16 mm
Peak torque30 – 45 N·m25 – 50 N·m
Surface regularity< 10 mm< 10 mm

Validity and no downgrade. Passing a retest re-certifies for one further year under FIFA Quality Pro and three further years under FIFA Quality. A pitch that fails a Pro retest cannot be downgraded to Quality: "It is not possible for a field to be recertified for FIFA Quality certification" — only a new initial test can produce a Quality certificate. Initial requirements apply to fields installed within the past three years, retest requirements beyond that.

One detail that fails municipalities. Certification includes an audit of the maintenance equipment kept on site: "a tractor unit, a drag brush and/or a drag mat, additional infill to top up the field, a maintenance log and a ball-roll ramp". If those items are absent, "the field has failed to obtain certification". Other useful rules: one product per field, no two-tone yarn patterns, joints open beyond 3 mm counted as a visual defect, and low-infill systems (under 20 kg/m²) that must be secured on site against carpet movement.

These thresholds are not a club self-check. FIFA publishes them as a laboratory or accredited-technician protocol, not as a grid a groundsman applies himself. Quoting them is useful for understanding what an inspection measures; presenting them as a Saturday-morning checklist would be wrong.

The 17 October 2031 deadline

Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2055 of 25 September 2023 amends Annex XVII to REACH as regards synthetic polymer microparticles. It entered into force on 17 October 2023. Its heaviest provision for football sits at entry 78, paragraph 6, point (j): a prohibition on placing on the market "from 17 October 2031 for granular infill for use on synthetic sports surfaces". Recital 53 explains the eight-year transitional period: to let a larger number of existing synthetic surfaces reach end of life. Recital 30 records that the Risk Assessment Committee preferred an outright ban to an exception conditional on risk management measures, infill being "the largest source of environmental emissions of intentionally-present synthetic polymer microparticles at European level".

What the regulation doesWhat it does not do
It prohibits placing on the market granular infill from 17 October 2031.It does not prohibit playing on, or maintaining, an existing rubber-crumb pitch after that date.
It therefore makes buying top-up infill impossible after that date.It sets no removal date for pitches already installed.

That is where the practical bite is: topping up infill is a routine annual maintenance item, and additional infill is on FIFA's list of mandatory on-site equipment. A pitch renewal planned for 2029-2031 is worth specifying with a non-restricted infill — sand, cork or another organic material — or a non-infill system.

France and Belgium yes, Switzerland: nothing found. Switzerland is not an EU member and the regulation does not apply directly. The Swiss federal environment office's page on the Chemical Risk Reduction Ordinance (ORRChem / ChemRRV) describes the ordinance's general function but does not address microplastic infill, and no Swiss transposition date was found. That is absence of evidence, not evidence of absence: the 2031 countdown must be treated as a jurisdiction-conditional rule, not a global one. ⚠️ A trap for anyone re-verifying: the date "17 October 2031" also appears in recital 52, which is about cosmetics labelling — a different provision entirely.

Futsal, beach soccer, para football: separate codes

A governance point many clubs miss: IFAB publishes only the Laws of eleven-a-side football. Futsal and beach soccer have their own Laws of the Game, published by FIFA, with their own effective dates.

CodeAuthorityDocument in forceSince
Eleven-a-side footballIFABLaws of the Game 2026/271 July 2026
FutsalFIFA — approved by the Bureau of the FIFA CouncilFutsal Laws of the Game 2025/265 September 2025
Beach soccerFIFA — approved by the FIFA CouncilBeach Soccer Laws of the Game 2025-2617 December 2025
Walking football (France)FFF — a recreational practiceLois du Jeu Foot en Marchant, April 2026 version
Mini-foot (Belgium)URBSFA — Livre M / Boek M❌ not retrieved (HTTP 403)

Futsal, the divergences that matter. Pitch 25 to 42 m × 16 to 25 m (international 38 to 42 × 20 to 25), lines 8 cm wide, goals 3 × 2 m. Ball: 62 to 64 cm, 400 to 440 g, 0.6 to 0.9 atm, plus a bounce test unique to the code — the ball must not rebound less than 50 cm or more than 65 cm on the first bounce when dropped from 2 m. Five players including a goalkeeper; a match may not start or resume with fewer than three. Unlimited rolling substitutions, a maximum of 9 substitutes in official competitions. Two equal periods of 20 minutes of playing time, stopped clock. One one-minute timeout per team per period, not carried over. Accumulated fouls: from the sixth in a period, a direct free kick from the 10 m mark (or from the place of the offence if nearer goal, at the kicker's choice), no wall, and the kicker must attempt to score. Four seconds for kick-ins, free kicks and goal clearances. The goalkeeper may not control the ball in their own half for more than four seconds. And the flying goalkeeper is explicitly contemplated. New for 2025-26: artificial turf is permitted only in exceptional cases and only for domestic competitions.

Beach soccer. Pitch 35 to 37 m × 26 to 28 m, measured from the outside of the imaginary lines. Ball: circumference 68 to 70 cm, weight 400 to 440 g, pressure 0.4 to 0.6 atm. Five players including a goalkeeper, a minimum of three to start or resume, with FIFA leaving the minimum squad including substitutes to national associations. Unlimited substitutions. And a duration with no equivalent anywhere else: three equal periods of 12 minutes of playing time. In France, footwear is prohibited (neoprene socks are permitted in training); the National Beach Soccer became an official FFF competition in 2019, with a women's national competition launched the same year.

Para football is not one code but several. Each has its own international body, and the state of public documentation is very uneven — we say so rather than fill the gaps.

DisciplineBodyWhat is published
Powerchair footballFIPFALaws of the Game 2025, approved April 20254 v 4 including a goalkeeper; may not continue with fewer than 2. Field 28 × 15 m (a standard basketball court), max 30 × 18, min 25 × 14. Surface hard, smooth, level. Goals 6 m between pylons, goal area 8 × 5 m, penalty mark at 3.5 m. Two equal periods of 20 minutes. And a hard equipment ceiling: "The maximum speed allowable during the match for powerchairs is 10 kph (6.2 mph), forward and reverse", four or more wheels, scooters banned, lap seatbelts mandatory. Signature offences: "2 on 1" and "3 in the goal area".
CP football (7-a-side)IFCPFSeven a side. Sport classes FT1 (greatest impairment impact), FT2, FT3. Eligible impairments: hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis. Team composition: at least one FT1 on the field at all times, at most one FT3 at the same time. IFCPF's rules are formally a modification of the IFAB Laws, not a separate code. ⚠️ Pitch, goals, duration, offside and roll-in are not verified — the 2025 rulebooks could not be opened.
Blind football (B1)IBSA5 a side: four outfielders in blackout eyemasks, with a sighted or partially sighted goalkeeper. Pitch 40 × 20 m surrounded by kickboards that keep the ball in play. The ball is hollow with a noisemaker inside. Two equal periods of 20 minutes, half-time not exceeding 10 minutes. Players must call "voy" when going for the ball; a guide behind the opponents' goal gives a shooting reference, and the stadium stays silent until a goal is scored. ⚠️ These parameters come from the IPC page; IBSA's own rulebook could not be retrieved, and neither goal dimensions nor the ball specification are stated.
Intellectual impairmentVirtusTwo formats: outdoor 11-a-side and futsal. "All competitions are conducted in accordance with FIFA rules… Adaptations may be applied where necessary." Virtus manages eligibility centrally.
Amputee footballWAFFLaws of the Game not retrieved. Player count, crutch rules, pitch and goal dimensions, duration and classification are unverified. We invent nothing.
Deaf footballICSD / EDSO in EuropeNot retrieved. The decibel eligibility threshold, the rule on hearing aids and cochlear implants during play and the visual signalling arrangements are all unverified.

Two French recreational formats are published with their parameters. Walking football (Foot en marchant): 5 v 5 or 6 v 6, a pitch 18 to 30 m wide by 30 to 40 m long, a futsal or size-5 ball recommended, shinguards mandatory, no running and no lifting the ball above 1.80 m, tackles and contact strictly prohibited, no offside, all free kicks indirect, opponents at 4 m minimum, goalkeeper confined to the penalty area. Foot5: 5 v 5 on a reduced synthetic pitch of 30 to 35 m × 18 to 20 m enclosed by rigid boards off which the ball rebounds, size 5 ball, flat-soled or stabilised shoes with moulded studs forbidden — and goals of 4 × 2 m, against 3 × 2 m in futsal.

Frequently asked

Which edition of the Laws should my club documents cite this season?
The IFAB Laws of the Game 2026/27, "Effective from 1st July 2026". Editions run 1 July to 30 June, and page 4 of the book confirms it for this one. A document citing 2025/26 is one edition stale — and it is wrong at least on the jewellery ban, which was removed in 2026/27.
Is the Laws PDF I downloaded reliable?
Almost. The 2026/27 single-pages file is an 11 May 2026 build, so it predates the second tranche of changes approved on 28 April 2026. Four provisions are missing: the mouth-covering sending-off offence, the leaving-the-field-in-protest sending-off offence, the Law 3.1 re-wording of the seven-player minimum, and the Law 7.5 forfeit principle. For those four, cite the changes booklet and the live online Laws.
Can a national FA change the offside law for its youth categories?
No. The "General modifications" clause (pages 20-21) lists a closed set: pitch size, ball, goal size, half duration, number of players, return substitutes, temporary dismissals, captain's armband, substitute count, concussion substitutes and the 'Only the captain' protocol. Offside, handball, DOGSO and the penalty kick procedure are not on it, and the Notes on the Laws add that the Laws must not be modified "except with the permission of The IFAB".
Are my portable goals compliant if I can show the 180 kg test?
That load comes from Décret n° 96-495 of 1996, abrogated since 25 July 2007. The law in force — Code du sport R. 322-19 to R. 322-26, rewritten in 2016 — contains no kilogram figure at all: conformity is presumed through the standards whose references are published in the official journal. What an inspection will ask you for is the verification and maintenance plan, the per-site register, a permanent fixing or counterweight device integral to the structure on mobile goals, and proof that unfixed goals are made unusable after use. Failing to produce the plan and the register is itself a fifth-class contravention.
Will my artificial pitch become illegal in 2031?
No. Regulation (EU) 2023/2055 prohibits placing granular infill on the market from 17 October 2031; it does not prohibit playing on it. What becomes impossible is buying top-up infill — an annual maintenance item, and mandatory equipment under the FIFA field test. In Switzerland no equivalent transposition was found: the rule is conditional on jurisdiction.
Is a ball without a FIFA mark banned in amateur leagues?
No, unless the competition requires one. Law 2 requires a FIFA Quality Programme mark in FIFA and confederation competitions; for its own competitions a national FA may require one but is not obliged to. Conversely, a size-3 ball for U6-U9 cannot carry a FIFA mark: the programme certifies size 5 and size 4 only for outdoor football.
Pitch dimensions, goal sizes, balls and squad sizes by age category in France, Switzerland and Belgium are in Age groups and formats; the eight-second rule and its corner kick in Goalkeeping.

Sources

Laws of the Game. IFAB, Laws of the Game 2026/27 (single-pages PDF, 260 pp., build dated 11 May 2026), "Effective from 1st July 2026" — Laws 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, the Notes and modifications → General modifications section pp. 20-21, Notes on the Laws of the Game — Applying the Laws p. 17, Guidelines for temporary dismissals, the 'Only the captain' guidelines and the concussion-substitution protocol · IFAB, Law changes 2026/27, "Updated in July 2026", 31 pp. — including "Additional changes approved on 28 April 2026", pp. 27-30 · IFAB, Law changes 2025/26 (April 2025) · the live Laws at theifab.com/laws/latest/… (per-Law sub-paths) · IFAB news release from the 140th AGM, 28 February 2026, Hensol, Wales.
FIFA. FIFA Quality Programme for Footballs — Test Manual, 2026 edition, March 2026 version (and the February 2018 edition, used only to date the tightening of tolerances) · FIFA Quality Programme for Football Turf — Test Manual II: Test Requirements, 2024 edition, April 2026 version · FIFA Quality Programme for Football Goals — How to become a FIFA Accredited Test Institute, v1.1, 15 December 2020 · Futsal Laws of the Game 2025/26 and its Summary of changes · Beach Soccer Laws of the Game 2025-26.
Standards and law. BS EN 748:2013+A1:2018, Playing field equipment — Football goals ⚠️ scope abstract only — the standard is paywalled and the load figures were not read; EN 16579 and EN 16664 referenced by exclusion · Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2055 of 25 September 2023, REACH Annex XVII entry 78 §6(j) and recitals 30, 52 and 53 · Code du sport, regulatory part, arts. R. 322-19 to R. 322-26 (Décret n° 2016-481 of 18 April 2016), consolidated edition of 14 July 2026 · Décret n° 96-495 of 4 June 1996, abrogated on 25 July 2007 by Décret n° 2007-1133; the historical test regime as reproduced by the French Ministry of Education under "décret n° 96-495 et note de la DGCCRF du 23 décembre 1996" · Swiss Federal Office for the Environment, ORRChem / ChemRRV page.
Federations and disciplines. FFF, Le foot pour les enfants, Football à 8 et à 5, Le Foot5, Le Beach Soccer, Le foot en marchant, Les pratiques loisirs; Lois du jeu Foot à 8 from the Haute-Loire and 65 districts; Règlement des Terrains et Installations Sportives 2021 ⚠️ single automated read · ASF/SFV pitch commission, Richtlinien für die Erstellung und den Unterhalt von Fussballanlagen, 2024 edition · URBSFA, index of the federal regulation (Livre M exists; its content was not retrieved) · FIPFA, Laws of the Game 2025 · IFCPF classification page · IPC blind football page · Virtus football page.
Content verified in August 2026. The Laws of the Game change every 1 July: re-check each season.

Last updated: August 2, 2026 ID : help.football.laws-and-equipment